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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % a, @1 j) u6 c9 ~mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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& r! n6 G6 d# q5 }. S4 \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 q& |+ x! X$ C) H# S# F9 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">1' O* Z, k: i- j& S5 j9 h
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) i% ?5 V. R* [/ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。; D% E1 s+ w+ c6 n
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, B4 z; W3 \ ~6 f; Y* p$ r L2 jTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。2 `/ v8 p0 b1 smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。* @! J1 J6 S6 V* R# t- |7 Z: K& i
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7 H4 b' E) \ s* C. m! qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。; E/ i8 u# p2 D' h$ O- J* F
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服8 H1 N" Z9 Q7 |
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. o4 H V E+ Y* i6 M! G6 b7 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢1 Y1 ?: t& k( Y& y* N/ l
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5 M5 y0 n& t* y# N& T, @% Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服! r, f9 {6 @6 [8 d8 R& U. [: Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">——. U3 x0 A( m( ?4 _* Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
0 A6 P) e. }' |9 ]8 b! Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的4 y) n! F1 c; _: h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。+ N5 Z ], _$ ^5 I0 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">" 8 n3 e- F% I: L3 h+ q; N) q2 A( i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新! M f7 B' S9 C- l; i. Omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白/ O% ]# z5 b9 r; H. B, A- K9 y. c
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9 W2 a1 O& F6 o$ t9 W- h* F% mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学% B3 e% @4 u# @* w. K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么# S5 _7 j3 R2 B/ x: K2 X" @8 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？7 G" m8 L4 i6 J* z5 Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——* g( T# }/ D# n" W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说4 a# G( }" ^* X3 T7 i) g4 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ i6 B1 p4 n& _0 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本善8 ~" u7 b, l3 e8 X) n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊9 G" g* }2 q5 W$ y# ]
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚% k* t" b( a3 P$ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' Y3 G# u' u' w. ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 L6 g. {$ }. I8 C- T' zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假& m: M; y/ T6 g* W) ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: d& X4 m$ X! W: z3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“! h5 `; V# B2 {' N# Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, r5 E0 x4 x* N- c2 o
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题4 E1 a' x0 R& ^9 o- \2 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 g! T0 V* T2 A8 t5 d" U
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" V! \1 ~7 t5 Z! v8 y @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。3 q. H! o* c+ j& o$ Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴1 E4 o5 L( R4 j3 i8 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ y( x) _( G1 S& Y2 p3 o8 H" Z \8 mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
q3 x7 n2 v, f7 Z$ a# ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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