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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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4 B2 u: J8 u9 k$ p% mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第9 M- a0 p* ^3 ?/ x. S$ Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">2& b8 \, S! J! k9 {; {* ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% N, _2 ^5 q2 L; P( B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. K- ?6 `' w) I E& Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ Y& ]# x5 [0 b* c, u) Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# }2 h- R/ g- Q5 R# K0 }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。. M: M/ i% O4 _0 b2 q. m8 smso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。9 O0 S( a, G' x. ?9 i) ]
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5 [$ n6 j! L1 u4 K7 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% `7 R$ |8 Q% N$ o$ x" Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">•) c2 M! q7 n# F2 f( z2 k7 W8 [$ [
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8 [$ o- l% w% u' Z" tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。 [- @ E% X9 G" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. ~6 o3 V& q+ ~1 i7 i7 A4 n, Y$ gmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是+ z: [$ S/ |- Z) u% E* E: B9 d0pt">‘- m, N% Y, @' ` l0 ?
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？9 q: t: Y& j8 a1 I% z0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，. b6 l4 j5 L2 V- H& T2 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"1 G% J4 o8 q6 l; Y* Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ ]# e8 Q$ G6 ]* xmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐! I" m7 m5 U5 h9 G$ t10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, B( ^ J) O2 m/ Q2 qmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;. k- C( F0 E6 }! N3 J; |$ M
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7 x* Y3 L( D( P* y8 M) L1 w. ]: f6 b) Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种& a1 m% K0 x6 j O- `! s8 F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的) V/ M7 b( b' w' k% s# f" ^
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* H; l# `4 A. f" z; omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，" \* d( G7 ?$ X7 X9 g$ J) Q. G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗教; A2 b% r0 ^ I% j4 U) I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。* ~* N; U% i& ^% i( Y2 omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌- o. ]- L: _, r: l amso-font-kerning:0pt">305) C7 z) _0 o* C/ q1 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. D& l8 r; ^- B3 O$ L) Z5 ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视# i! _* X$ y6 q3 e3 x% F
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1 k8 v. ]% k" E4 r' wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：3 V) Y9 ^ }1 G+ @) ?' g' _) a
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$ K- X ]6 N4 W8 v ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。7 z K4 u! L. h( m& I' e- \
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0 P" |% M* m* J* z6 K6 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）9 a" r7 H8 H# _2 Y+ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 p9 B( j( h7 p: a+ s; i6 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& x- u' M3 R' c$ }8 a) }
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。, s. A/ } e+ ?: ~' |( g& omso-font-kerning:0pt">”) [, W N2 c: ?4 i5 l9 Z3 c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 V# x" P6 f' i1 B
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& C: x+ D% S* b6 a% j" Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过: R8 M# H1 h k5 h; |) s# cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' k- U; b! x, l+ _$ Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 M# Z: t2 g5 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨$ i# a1 q0 r2 e. p* t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人* I. _7 `: q6 T) V. O2 p% Z. E! W
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3 w7 f0 {" [- ^# e/ smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。, H% A1 I4 g4 z! Wmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 7 @1 u5 D5 p7 n6 r1 W! @2 L/ ?
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8 Z. m( z2 U) y* Y5 D6 mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。9 q$ Z! u2 m9 `+ Y
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. ^: i/ J' s' c7 w% Q( yTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。4 z m" {9 P) Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">"' T8 e4 `( W1 m8 h: _# [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。; s/ O1 r( c3 k- l1 w9 w+ {" a8 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 P; W6 d; g8 p6 f& W: a0 S# j+ P
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。 k* J$ z/ A1 N- Z- R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃3 C! L. B- a4 ~: N: L: qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ S ]2 b; ^3 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批" H( T+ N+ y, t
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' {/ y" O/ G6 ~$ R* D& lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”8 Y/ @3 d+ n* y) D# J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。' p ]& m: Y k4 w
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t+ m9 u5 f/ E5 e2 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。4 s+ v) r9 S& I$ a- O
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于4 Q; S9 r' I7 m2 Y4 G8 Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观1 |% |- l( z4 ^2 J" `( {0 Q6 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ |- Z1 Y, G* R) [8 J" {. cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨. e! ]4 G0 {- w! Y% j# K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓6 ^, C) n3 h" l* k% P& ~: C0 L+ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. w; S H, p% G* Z. x8 [' }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 O( J( A. }; i8 ~3 C, }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴- k. a. L; _8 Q, k; i nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 o0 [; b' \. F7 `
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: n- N T5 T4 h: U* m) U. d. Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓, Y% J' ^- r. s4 l2 n
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- s. [& |+ O2 l5 Z/ J* A/ mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观6 t1 @" \8 B7 C( x7 B- Y0 E
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: A$ e8 S0 M, L& tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓* M9 L9 B3 ^# S _: n n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群7 M3 X: |' U% Z" W) V
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# H( w3 j) v% C, D; r* d( E) G, dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓( W8 Y. e+ Z+ s8 c# \$ \$ m' ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 v+ c$ l9 B/ [" b2 @
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# ]% h! o# p( ^" q, m8 b( `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨- Y9 K5 R6 u) J, h" t' y9 m, i
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0 Y1 |* |+ W Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼6 D4 S4 e0 s2 i! F$ Z5 {
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3 o- B& {' P( Z# ~/ f. X5 omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤) l* ? \) g) `$ M6 `7 K
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5 ?% ]( e9 O4 e' u; m; ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语/ k# p$ N' \6 U. c' b) u; K Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">.: [" L$ M6 `' C# I& j8 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! i: N; R) Q, k0 b: F& V6 ]% fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能/ Y9 a4 ]- L; Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& |% [6 S+ A# H+ `, {& y: Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: k6 ]$ ^- H W6 y- Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒% C, L! r; v' |( Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”& t7 z' D# x7 Z# p+ v' Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; U5 C S" D9 l6 a2 `6 J7 e5 H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹& O# L/ v% }( S& W9 _* D2 H: C/ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">.; N& B2 `" ]" m( E7 W& [' {' N Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
) N5 [% n+ y! b/ h2 Y* emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人3 H7 A, \% [# s0 \0 }, P* k6 X4 B
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+ K& C( l1 [* Y" omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪: `. i: Y' }. l% I4 }7 ]" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' Y; `; |/ Y3 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。3 r5 u. U+ `0 z. v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。3 K7 _$ J8 V! E, |4 H: I. \mso-font-kerning:0pt">" R. q! f. J5 b6 r4 @
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 ^. Z) k, I# ^1 S* k0 N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用: j b. n1 J, G7 V2 w5 F
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：6 s" n i6 ~+ j% |. [/ V3 d0pt"> 4 ]! K, F0 I+ p6 }
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$ k% T$ Y0 R! {% oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。/ ?5 h' P9 z+ X, c+ g5 v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱8 \& u+ }5 V' b# I+ J; G5 c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧2 P) m) k0 q) J- @1 r* |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 B# F( w* A4 d$ d0 _9 W. ?+ |Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">好風如水：9 @2 e* \! M' c: k0pt"> 7 j) q& s4 A" r U e
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等+ {' F( B$ d2 l' i5 K
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：& l; o8 |( K( O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
