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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网; k0 a$ a- U6 R5 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ2 l J3 ?1 y! u: J
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5 g& \+ A5 O/ f% \8 }& R& S- ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。& Z) J) F% c8 U- Z& M
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8 e4 K2 ~8 u4 i# f- b) Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第/ G4 o6 ^6 X( g" z) e, E3 i6 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">5( d" M9 a1 G1 g! g- @6 |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- f4 `1 x# T( m' _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：" R9 u9 v/ L9 l$ @
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8 ~+ l. d$ S0 p1 Q) j1 o+ h! hmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：+ s. z% ?0 q: S/ K$ {6 C' Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ T/ T4 o$ Q2 h8 {5 }8 f" q6 h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。# F n+ F( s& _0 V% p/ ]7 v( M
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- t1 {6 Q. j- o9 V; A" x; _mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：5 S$ O( P+ h9 P: D. m. Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 w5 W% A; F9 t9 a% P ^
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S/ i, j. e: H. X0 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？) P- k3 \' a( o$ D
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+ w7 a+ h- C" ^6 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：5 j1 {( ^+ W5 a# t$ [0 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. k5 l6 a& F" }7 |$ l' b$ C5 B
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。5 A ]4 P; l8 Z2 R- `1 c8 n$ b6 U
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。7 j1 @' O- E0 e/ j* B. F" L8 ~
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：4 U; \: N2 d& [, H$ r' N {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。% g- \) M( R/ w/ q0 y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：2 B0 _. X# l3 ~' I1 v
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。$ F/ I8 \$ P- c5 Z7 Y, o: nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 x+ A2 e4 V( B% R2 {. @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢- S& J- F, p4 @$ B' v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( k M: O, y' s* y& B
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8 I* w) t4 g4 y f% }9 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。. w5 w2 h& ]. t! `+ [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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# d4 ^! w, j" Y- w; S8 o8 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲$ z5 b4 M& Y7 i
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$ `+ D# h+ {! E2 E8 ?! d; p, Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼， L; P: n( C6 e0 H- smso-font-kerning:0pt">“# P4 R; V6 V( R5 s6 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。* Y7 f% T0 P: M$ A( Y- n, kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& K/ K4 U, U0 q9 J: efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' B" B2 h6 T0 Z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。( ]& \0 Q' e8 v, X1 Z) lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。+ q$ q0 l2 w0 a& ?
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3 w5 Q k( G- a- Y: `3 J# uTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义" A- X. M, ^% L l
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+ M2 B9 q. G$ e% D! `5 Q4 TTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！0 r1 u* ]: H+ q# U. E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。' U& Y8 X3 I, s$ ]) ]( m7 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 V! q4 D2 n3 p5 LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述' q B9 m; W8 V& ?$ `0 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊2 a0 f) H& C% l% W( ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* B# m# r& B- {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。# f. x m& p2 D7 ?
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孝经
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) e% e: Z( k/ y0 i. _) p4 l' `$ QTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。( t: b3 V: a0 T: O
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 \# ] Y! ]/ w, G3 f. G7 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 f( K# p$ b9 I A) x7 Z2 H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。: w5 R+ |* R4 G. |$ U) W4 O, z7 Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">——$ K/ ]$ |9 D5 h6 P
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4 D$ q4 F# P/ Q; D/ s3 `( G3 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：, P3 p' D. A* b
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0 Q$ O: z+ r/ O. f; m( E9 Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。5 [0 n- t% v8 o* T, l. d$ c% S* D
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- ~' _5 P- j; }7 F3 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个. x; |9 k+ e3 w' amso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 x( |2 g- D4 _* P" X! A# B6 z: M" Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 w+ l7 T' L( W/ z0 rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬$ C# w. x6 L- g0 x
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; }) ?- O' Z" P, S1 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。2 Y$ J, L% Q# _1 [* B
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的; b3 D% @* N2 v9 `, R& Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' d q, V' [2 a6 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺! q" r2 z6 Y% b u; v# i: jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 H ^, e! M3 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ X* n, Q: u1 h, e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思* n, p( ?. H( Z: g9 J Z/ J3 U* Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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