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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, . }' x# J, s) h/ L8 R [- y3 O
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% D1 L. k- f; A8 L3 m0 x7 X% Z"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ) B, r3 K) O) m6 T2 T7 a- M# p! s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, ( _6 m' d, h, t8 X) n3 u
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5 {$ P4 R; Z. {2 V" x# f"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, & t/ x& _; Y3 A8 V, ~7 D, h0 hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, - m+ z9 |( B: z; [* w2 S q2 A3 L v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 , e. q) k% x+ U
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” . S2 v* ~1 Y9 Z! k/ N宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 2 C$ |$ H+ F9 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ r/ F9 w) ^4 w i"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ) X+ O, _% D$ m3 Cmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, / @, @& d. M( c+ \; [6 x6 }& _
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"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, : }1 ?$ g. |: b2 ?
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"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, " P2 t8 Q# o/ C6 k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 7 d1 M z7 N/ N" efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 I. j$ r; }' W- [$ h; D% r
"Times New Roman"">“ 9 U, A/ B7 y. U) xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 3 X7 w! e) {, j, X% p2 r3 e, q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” T& c. H8 M% Z) I# v) K+ u
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, L. R# V4 m) `2 u6 N"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
5 k' H4 i8 E8 Z4 G5 c* E' c9 s- I; F) \% f0 T+ s1 }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,8 B, R# h |! G3 _6 ^
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, ! A5 s: h4 P5 [$ A1 c
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"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 8 P. y2 G. W l6 ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 % v8 O3 I3 _5 q9 Z mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里- i. P, F) A4 T7 pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 ! s5 N$ z i3 k; zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(; t }% D$ Y( F3 r" [8 u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ! B$ }2 H N; Z7 \; z4 X, W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ U, ]1 {# T$ G/ _' c"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用+ h. ]3 L3 P) i3 q5 j. y12.0pt">, # N9 n$ c2 Z( z/ _( j4 U$ U
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, & r- _; Y7 i6 ~. \% H. m! ~- I: Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 I5 F9 L/ @- j: i& P; _
"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, ! x, W) K' F7 u) `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!$ x8 t } T0 Y* Q9 R0 s( ?) Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, / c+ @& i ^6 O9 k& J* Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 W( W% ~ W* P0 K
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: 2 b0 Y3 P$ B1 O
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, . Y6 x% ]3 X, s宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, ( M9 \1 r$ a, v% r$ ^$ }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ L$ V: A1 e9 `% q( K% }6 Y"Times New Roman"">“ + y5 @# C, x$ l
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12.0pt"> - q7 |; S5 e4 `) g# O6 ^: P"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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' v. [1 j- P7 d; ? `7 qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, 3 p6 l/ {. X* k- ~! j4 I
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, ! j5 S' Q; I) a, |) I
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) m) C$ z* D& u( z% K% D"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 1 |5 l* W& V) H) q2 u6 Amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, - D* B8 S0 T/ U! u0 @宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, # b! e& K- _" v2 d8 E" L/ jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% d! X H3 [8 x- m"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ : q4 a4 f* A( O+ \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 0 U1 E& R9 Y& h8 w2 l3 f
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣, p' o) ^. G& U+ F) \
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$ \1 p6 o5 R% S) ]5 u"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 % u7 S. U1 q! R- B, @( K+ ^
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I; B3 ]+ [. t2 @2 Hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 5 o8 a4 {6 f% X4 E+ L, N5 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, % K f# e: k5 zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 |# o& X. \& h, P0 t" ["Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 0 k1 h/ `. \0 q( p b5 C( w" Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; ^) Z/ R5 K' x9 l0 v"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,1 e; ^* b; L5 I# K) ~; q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, L$ ^6 J3 m6 l. Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* N- h- S7 q; }3 @0 F
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题" b* |! n" S; ?/ k, }) a* z4 x1 R$ T
12.0pt">: 5 |% ]. }% q4 N"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 3 ?8 N; c( H* K% }+ Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ u$ \1 ^5 r4 `"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才) u' C) S; {' K% ~12.0pt">, 8 ?4 b* w6 H: g% D7 C" ~"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, n1 k( W; {* Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 q+ ^5 w% E' W8 u
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 6 J2 I @3 P) g6 ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, ( w( j- S7 ]7 R/ J宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, # }2 z! f5 U; }& r2 {" g
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题6 S) a; |; r& _4 g, W& c
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 1 ^, u0 p, a) [9 Q6 I7 M; Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 T% ?" G5 k$ S6 u$ q$ P) X- D
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求9 Q5 B" `1 g- g/ g y( P6 p, M
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"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 1 x, b. g9 d! W) Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, % P/ c3 u) a) x5 cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 @6 z' b5 S9 v. E) n"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统9 f' s5 f+ A* J/ b# g1 X R
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0 |1 A9 i7 r5 t( c8 S9 ?4 t) A, f, C4 o" qmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 3 ^# Y( K4 v9 N4 Q1 T( w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 4 h8 G# d+ w% j* d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 " F$ k/ J; r' R
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> ( z" J7 S) y" p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> 6 F5 h& s3 ^8 A! x9 P7 m! N/ A9 x# n
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1 ^5 A7 Y( s0 p" G宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
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% H& u( E# d0 z6 Q: [5 E"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
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4 E/ ^: k! r( K. [* v+ a: L c. [5 B2 g# x- j( _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, ( E/ |; s/ l( h& efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, f1 J5 W3 ^/ c0 A0 y2 d& P9 V
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, & S7 x# E' v9 i! {' c5 C) j `4 i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 4 d3 J7 D) G1 ]1 u8 e5 i' Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" V& K8 v8 ]3 i+ @) b1 Q! L( B' D
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 8 ]3 Y) d+ d- a& Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; E7 [2 b/ ^8 V. U" T. ?8 p
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, ( T' O! U& `3 j$ P; _- |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, * W( s6 \& j' Q# B! r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: / L" y" o' W; j3 |$ h1 f5 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. R8 h# B& [0 H7 k4 v7 a: |"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 5 l. n# z/ J" D. imso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, ( N+ _) H1 M1 h ~( M4 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 H1 v+ s9 V/ V! n
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, # t' R6 U. D- S3 G. H$ T' Z, w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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/ Z' I2 y# W) D
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,4 m2 L8 G1 V4 T* b# N$ ]6 P
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"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定% B. {& r7 P* o6 s" `
12.0pt">, ' c8 b$ M* _/ m( C1 W3 H7 V# w/ i"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 6 Q4 V' |. I9 a
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 x3 \9 L0 D. F. [
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:, d. h! d1 g+ N* x3 J q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, A, A: Q( H. S7 m( Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, ( [: C. X1 G% C* w) Z3 t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" J. F+ \% g8 s"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, " X1 H& o% c# d4 m, F) K, Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, & V3 t" [8 X& c; ~( ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# q7 G' y/ N! o7 ^; U) V5 M H; N
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 5 f: X: `' N& F% P% E7 v+ K# `: B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ ) H& p, p: C. K* |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 3 @* T' k) W2 A! N' d: T
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, D( s- O' M/ X; o) V) f' }6 Y"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
